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Essar Group Claims Vodafone Essar Stake Worth More Than $5 Billion

The Essar Group has restated its belief that its 33% stake in Vodafone Essar Ltd is worth more than the US$5 billion that Vodafone offered it under the terms of the put-option between the two companies. 
 
 
Vodafone has lost a bid to block the merger of two Essar holding companies that held the stakes in Vodafone Essar as that could have resulted in a revaluation of the stake at a higher price. 
 
 
Under the proposals, Essar Group was to merge Essar Telecommunications Holdings Private Limited (ETHPL), which owns 11 percent stake in the mobile network, with another listed firm India Securities Limited (ISL) and thus its share price could imply an indirect valuation of the stake. 
 
 
The put-option between the two companies allowed for a minimum price of US$5 billion, or the fair market valuation, whichever was higher. If the merger of the two Essar holding companies had been blocked, there would not be a market valuation to compare with. 
 
 
"We have always believed that the fair market value of Vodafone Essar is higher than the underwritten value, and this is especially so in light of the recent stellar performance of the company," an Essar spokesperson told local media. 
 
 
The move is however unlikely to affect the transaction as it had been announced before the holding company merger was authorised. 
 
 
"Essar had two options: sell their entire stake for $5 billion as per the earlier agreement, or appoint an independent entity to arrive at a fair market valuation. That they choose the underwritten floor price proves they could not get a higher valuation (than $5 billion)," Vodafone's CEO, Vittorio Colao told the Economic Times newspaper. 
 
 
Technically, Vodafone and the Essar group own 66:33 of Vodafone Essar Limited (VEL), a holding company that owns 75.35% of the mobile network itself. The rest of the mobile network is owned by Telecom Investment India (19.54%) and Omega (5.11%). 
 
 
On the web: Economic Times

Essar Group Claims Vodafone Essar Stake Worth More Than $5 Billion

The Essar Group has restated its belief that its 33% stake in Vodafone Essar Ltd is worth more than the US$5 billion that Vodafone offered it under the terms of the put-option between the two companie…

Vodafone Warns Indian Facebook Customer to Remove Complaints

Vodafone's Indian subsidiary, Vodafone Essar has taken exception to comments posted on a Facebook account and sent the account-holder a legal warning to stop posting defamatory statements and to remove all the existing comments within 48 hours. 
 
 
Vodafone Essar customer and business journalist, Dhaval Valia was also warned to stop sending text messages to senior company managers or posting private contact details in the public domain. 
<div class="body_text">The dispute between the company and the journalist is based around alleged delays in delivering 3G services in the northern Mumbai suburb where Dhaval Valia lives. He was a former Loop Mobile customer, and said that he migrated to Vodafone specifically to be able to use the 3G service.</div><div class="body_text">Vodafone admitted sending a notice. "Yes, we have a situation with one of our customers, despite several efforts on our part. Owing to certain unusual and improper dealings and communications by the customer, especially with our women employees, we were forced to take legal advice in this matter. We do not wish to comment any further in this regard," the company spokesperson said in an e-mailed response to the Business Standard newspaper.</div><div class="body_text">Valia is now pursuing a counter-claim against Vodafone Essar, claiming the company is "arm-twisting consumers into submitting to their faulty and misleading ways and thus acting against the rights of consumers".</div>

Vodafone Warns Indian Facebook Customer to Remove Complaints

Vodafone's Indian subsidiary, Vodafone Essar has taken exception to comments posted on a Facebook account and sent the account-holder a legal warning to stop posting defamatory statements and to rem…

Vodafone Faces Delay in Securing Permission for Essar Group Buyout

India's Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) has refused to grant approval to Vodafone's recent decision to buy out part of the Essar's Group holdings in their joint venture. 
Vodafone had offered US$1.26 billion for the 11% stake in 
Although Vodafone has outlined how it will remain below the 74% limit for foreign shareholders, any transaction where a foreign company has over 49% of an Indian company requires permission from the FIPB. That regulator has now said that it is waiting for comments from the Home Ministry and Telecom Ministry. 
<div class="body_text">The specific request being considered by the FIPB was for Mauritius based Prime Metals, an indirect subsidiary of Vodafone International to buy a 5.48% stake in Vodafone-Essar owned by ETHL Communications Holdings.</div><div class="body_text">The deal will also need to get clearance from Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA).</div><div class="body_text">Following regulatory approval and subsequent closing of these transactions, Vodafone will own 74% of VEL directly via its subsidiaries. The remaining 26% of VEL will be majority-owned and controlled by Indian shareholders.</div>

Vodafone Faces Delay in Securing Permission for Essar Group Buyout

India's Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB) has refused to grant approval to Vodafone's recent decision to buy out part of the Essar's Group holdings in their joint venture. Vodafone had offer…

Vodafone Latest NEWS Tollyandhra.com

<div class="mod7Col "> <div class="modHeader"> <h1 class="modh1">News</h1></div><div class="modBody clearfix "> <ul class="bredcrumb"><li class="backlink"><a href="http://www.vodafone.in/vas/newsfinance/pages/news_finance.aspx">Back to News & Finance </a></li>
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Vodafone Latest NEWS Tollyandhra.com

News Back to News & Finance http://www.vodafone.in/ Away from your TV, radio or newspaper? You can still get your dose of news, with your Vodafone mobile phone. So you can stay in the know fr…

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) Segregates Telecom Users By Usage For The First Time

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div>India’s major telecom operators- Bharti Airtel and Idea Cellular have a huge number of active subscribers, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) said. TRAI, for the first time, has segregated Indian telecom customers by usage.</div><div></div><div>The GSM mobile operators Airtel and Idea Cellular are found to have a large number of customers base, who are active users. Out of the total 687.71 million users in the country, about 483 million people are active users, TRAI said. </div><div></div><div>The country’s over tele-density is at 60 percent, while active users’ figure stands at 38 percent.</div><div></div><div>Though many people these days own two or more mobile connections due to low cost schemes, the additional connections are hardly used. And the TRAI has classified that people who use their mobile connections at least once in a month as active users. </div></div>

Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) Segregates Telecom Users By Usage For The First Time

India’s major telecom operators- Bharti Airtel and Idea Cellular have a huge number of active subscribers, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) said. TRAI, for the first time, has segregate…

Airtel Launches 3G Services In Andhra Pradesh

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">Airtel has started rolling out its 3G services in Andhra Pradesh and initially the services were launched in Hyderabad. With this, Airtel would be launching its Mobile TV, live streaming of videos, video calls and social networking website. 
 
 
Besides these, the company has announced High Definition (HD) games including EA Cricket10, NFS Shift Super and FIFA11. 
 
 
“We are humbled by the trust of over 16.5 million customers in Andhra Pradesh who have made us the market leader. In keeping with our commitment of bring the best to our customer, we today bring the Airtel 3G advantage to the tech savvy and youthful city of Hyderabad,” Bharti Airtel President for Mobile Services, Atul Bindal was quoted as saying. 
 
 
Airtel also aims to capture business customers with B2B packages exclusively for enterprise customers. Recently, Airtel recently launched its 3G services in Bihar, Delhi, Mumbai and Jaipur. Later, the Airtel 3G services would be available other places- Visakhapatnam and Vijayawada.</div>

Airtel Launches 3G Services In Andhra Pradesh

Airtel has started rolling out its 3G services in Andhra Pradesh and initially the services were launched in Hyderabad. With this, Airtel would be launching its Mobile TV, live streaming of videos, vi…

Apple's iPhone 4 To Be Sold By Airtel In India

<div>As per the company sources, Bharti Airtel Ltd is set to sell Apple iPhone 4 in India very soon. However, they weren’t ready to disclose the launch date.</div><div> </div><div>Meanwhile, Airtel - which is India's largest telecommunications company by total number of users – have already started to roll out their 3G (third generation) mobile telephone services over the last few months across many cities. The iPhone is complimentary to their strategy to engage new and existing users to move to 3G services.</div><div>  </div><div>With this phone service added, it will surely increase the profitability as well as boost the revenues of many telecom companies like that of Bharti’s. In the past few years, increased competition is in India over total number of users. More interestingly, this $1 trillion phone services market in India will be exciting in the months to come with the 3G war between telecome operators getting hotter by the day.</div>

Apple's iPhone 4 To Be Sold By Airtel In India

As per the company sources, Bharti Airtel Ltd is set to sell Apple iPhone 4 in India very soon. However, they weren’t ready to disclose the launch date. Meanwhile, Airtel - which is India's largest …

How To Plan This Semester - Tips To Face This Semester (Follow Atleast Few)

This approach helps you get the most out of your reading. It will help you create <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD9" style="background-attachment: scroll ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none ! important; background-position: 0% 50%; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 153, 0) ! important; color: #009900; cursor: pointer ! important; display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px ! important; font-style: normal ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; position: static;">notes from your reading from which to <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD10" style="background-attachment: scroll ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none ! important; background-position: 0% 50%; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 153, 0) ! important; color: #009900; cursor: pointer ! important; display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px ! important; font-style: normal ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; position: static;">study. 
 
 
 
1. Survey: Carefully pre-read the chapter. Look at the title, subtitles, boldface and italics, graphs and diagrams, summary and/or conclusion, and <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD8" style="background-attachment: scroll ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none ! important; background-position: 0% 50%; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 153, 0) ! important; color: #009900; cursor: pointer ! important; display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px ! important; font-style: normal ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; position: static;">questions at the end of the chapter. 
 
 
 
2. Question: Reading is a thinking process; inquiry makes you an active reader. Formulate questions before you read. Convert titles, subtitles, etc. into questions. WRITE THESE DOWN! 
 
 
 
 
3. Read: Thoroughly read the chapter and fill in the <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD2" style="background-attachment: scroll ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none ! important; background-position: 0% 50%; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 153, 0) ! important; color: #009900; cursor: pointer ! important; display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px ! important; font-style: normal ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; position: static;">answers to your questions as you go along. 
 
Important: Read for meaning, not only the answers! Write down any information you sense is <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD12" style="background-attachment: scroll ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none ! important; background-position: 0% 50%; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 153, 0) ! important; color: #009900; cursor: pointer ! important; display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px ! important; font-style: normal ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; position: static;">important. 
 
 
 
4. Recite: Talk to yourself. Read your questions, answers and notes out loud. Translate key ideas and new terms into your own words. Research any answers or information that don't seem clear enough. 
 
 
 
 
5. Review: Reread your notes as often as possible. Frequent <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD1" style="background-attachment: scroll ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none ! important; background-position: 0% 50%; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 153, 0) ! important; color: #009900; cursor: pointer ! important; display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px ! important; font-style: normal ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; position: static;">review enables you to better retain the material. 
 
BE FLEXIBLE! At first go through step-by-step, and later alter it to suit your own purposes and style. 
 
 
 
 
 
Note Taking Skills and Strategies 
 
Tips on taking notes, <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD5" style="background-attachment: scroll ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none ! important; background-position: 0% 50%; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 153, 0) ! important; color: #009900; cursor: pointer ! important; display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px ! important; font-style: normal ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; position: static;">techniques and strategies that will help you become a good note taker. Whether taking college<span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD3" style="background-attachment: scroll ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none ! important; background-position: 0% 50%; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 153, 0) ! important; color: #009900; cursor: pointer ! important; display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px ! important; font-style: normal ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; position: static;">lecture notes or class notes these tips will be of great help.  
 
 
 
 
 
<ul style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 1em 1em 1em 2em; padding: 0px;"><li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">If the instructor writes something on the chalkboard/overhead or repeats an idea then it is usually a key point and you should write it down.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Try to sit towards the front and center of the class where you'll be less distracted and can hear the professor the best and have a good angle on any visual aids that may be shown.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Don't rely on someone Else's notes, you may not understand everything that they write down and you'll learn the best by taking your own notes.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">If your instructor talks fast, it may help to bring an audio recorder and record the lecture while taking notes.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">After the lecture is over you can replay the lecture and fill in any parts that you missed in your notes.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Do reading assignments or homework questions before class, it is easier to take notes when you know what the instructor is talking about.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Date your notes; add titles and subtitles when you move onto a new topic for easy referencing.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Write down any terminology along with the definition that the instructor may present.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Make sure that you write legibly, if you can't read them later, they'll be useless.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">If you have sloppy handwriting it may be wise to type your notes so that they are easier to read.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">If you missed what the instructor said ask them to repeat it or go to the instructor after class and ask for clarification.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">If you are in a rush, ask the instructor at the beginning of the next class or try to find the answer from a friend or the text.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Compare notes with a classmate to make sure you didn't miss any important <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD11" style="background-attachment: scroll ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none ! important; background-position: 0% 50%; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 153, 0) ! important; color: #009900; cursor: pointer ! important; display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px ! important; font-style: normal ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; position: static;">points.</li>
</ul>Study Skills Help & Study Tips 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<ul style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 1em 1em 1em 2em; padding: 0px;"><li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Everyone is different, different methods work for different people the following are only suggestions on improving upon your current studying techniques.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">It is best to review the material right after class when it's still fresh in your memory.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Don't try to do all your studying the night before the test, instead space out your studying, review class materials at least several times a week, focusing on one topic at a time.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Have all of your study material in front of you: lecture notes, course textbooks, study guides and any other relevant material.Find a comfortable and quiet place to study with good lighting and little distractions (try avoiding your own bed; it is very tempting to just lie down and take a nap).</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Start out by studying the most important information. Learn the general concepts first; don't worry about learning the details until you have learned the main ideas.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Take notes and write down a summary of the important ideas as you read through your study material.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Take short breaks frequently, you memory retains the information that you study at the beginning and the end better than what you study in the middle.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Space out your studying, you'll learn more by studying a little every day instead of waiting to cram at the last minute.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">By studying everyday, the material will stay in your long-term memory but if you try to study at the last moment, the material will only reside in your short-term memory that you'll easily forget.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Make sure that you understand the material well, don't just read through the material and try to memorize everything.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">If you choose to study in a group, only study with others who are serious about the test.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Test yourself or have someone test you on the material to find out what your weak and strong areas are.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">You can use the review questions at the end of each chapter or practice tests the teacher may give out as well as other materials.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Listening to relaxing music such as classical or jazz on a low volume can relieve some of the boredom of studying. Don't study later than the time you usually go to sleep, you may fall asleep or be tempted to go to sleep, instead try studying in the afternoon or early evening.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">If you are a morning person try studying in the morning.</li>
</ul> 
 
Creating Good Homework/Study Habits 
 
Good study habits start with a clean and quiet environment. So whenever you start to study or do homework be sure to turn off the television, radio, and i‐pod. If you absolutely have to have background noise try playing soft classical music. Avoiding music with words and recognizable melodies helps limit distractions. 
 
 
 
 
There are many different kinds of routines that can help you succeed in completing your homework. Below is an example of such a routine. I encourage you to try it faithfully for at least a week before switching routines. The more you do something the easier it will become. 
 
 
 
1. When you come home get a quick snack and some water (not soda). Also, change yours clothes; it will give you a fresh start. (10‐15min.) 
 
 
 
2. Sit down at a clean table with your planner, binder(s) and all your books. 
 
 
 
3. Set a timer for 30 min., almost all microwaves or ovens have a kitchen timer setting. 
 
 
 
4. Open your planner and get started on the first item listed. Work on that item until it is completed, then put it back your notebook so you will be sure to have it ready to turn in. 
 
 
 
5. Once you finish the first item highlight it or put a check next to it in your planner. Then begin the next item. 
 
 
 
 
6. When the timer goes off set it for 5 min. and use that time to take a quick break to use the restroom, get another drink of water or walk around. 
 
 
 
7. Once your break time is over set the timer for 30 min. again. Continue working on your list, remembering to check off the assignments once they are completed. 
 
 
 
8. Continue this pattern of 30 min. on and 5 min. off until all your work is completed. 
 
 
 
9. Once you have done everything you are supposed to do, put all your schoolwork and supplies (books) in your backpack. Then put your backpack by the front door, so you are ready to go in the morning. 
 
 
 
10. Now you are done and can enjoy the rest of your evening. Way to go! 
 
 
 
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Do you find it difficult to revise for <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD6" style="background-attachment: scroll ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none ! important; background-position: 0% 50%; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 153, 0) ! important; color: #009900; cursor: pointer ! important; display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px ! important; font-style: normal ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; position: static;">exams when you have so many <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD7" style="background-attachment: scroll ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none ! important; background-position: 0% 50%; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 153, 0) ! important; color: #009900; cursor: pointer ! important; display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px ! important; font-style: normal ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; position: static;">subjects and things to remember? If the answer is yes, then you're not alone! These tips should help. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<ul style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 1em 1em 1em 2em; padding: 0px;"><li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Find out the exact dates of your exams. You will know how much time you have left before each <span class="IL_AD" id="IL_AD4" style="background-attachment: scroll ! important; background-color: transparent ! important; background-image: none ! important; background-position: 0% 50%; border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(0, 153, 0) ! important; color: #009900; cursor: pointer ! important; display: inline ! important; float: none ! important; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px ! important; font-style: normal ! important; font-weight: normal ! important; padding: 0px 0px 1px ! important; position: static;">exam. It might help to draw up a table which includes all your subjects and all the weeks you have until the last exam, and then fill in the exam dates.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Prioritize your subjects. If you think you have most to do in computer graphics or that is your weakest subject then this will be top priority. Put all your subjects in an order from most to least important.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Decide on a revision plan which will work for you. How many hours do you need to do of a night? Do you have other commitments you can't get out of? Leave some time for breaks, meals and free time but ensure you have a good time slot each night for revision.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Fill in your revision timetable in with your subjects, and use your priority list to give the most important ones more revision time.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Stick to this timetable! Speaking from experience, if you decide to focus solely on one or two subjects because you think you know the others, you will get a nasty shock. Don't ignore any of the subjects, but ensure you have a balance where your priority subjects have the lead.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Begin by revising all the material which you don't know as well. There is no point in beginning to revise the basics of electronics if you are pretty confident in it. You may find that also prioritizing each individual subjects modules or topics helps you. Therefore if you run out of time you will know that you have definitely revised the hardest stuff!</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Actually attempt to remember the material. It sounds stupid but most of the time people are tempted to spend all their revision time just reading or writing and assume that they know it all. Never assume; 'it makes an *** out of U and ME' and its true. If you assume you know it without actually testing yourself on it then you might get a shock in the exam...</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Read the facts a few times so you are familiar with what they mean. If there's anything you don't understand do everything you can to find out. Ask the teacher, research other books and on the Internet. You will be learning as you do it!</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">After you are more familiar with them, make your own notes so that it's shorter, but ensure that they make sense so you won't need to refer back to the test book when revising.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Don't do too much at once. Take a page and test yourself by covering it up and writing down everything you remember. Then, check it and do it again and again until you have everything! This way you are testing and revising as you re-read it over again!</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">You may not enjoy revising, but if you try and take interest in what you are learning and get really stuck into it, the more you will remember!</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Never give up - easier said than done right, but giving up only makes you more of a failure when you don't get the % you wanted for your exam. You will always have the guilt of knowing you didn't try your hardest.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Everyone learns differently; you just have to discover how the best way is for you. But in the end it all comes down to testing yourself, so you can be sure you know it!</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">You may not achieve the % you expected. Know in yourself what you are capable of achieving so you don't set your targets too high. Don't settle for lower % than your ability either though, just know your ability and do your best.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Revision isn't fun - receiving your good % is.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Never compare yourself to your friends. They are not you. we are all different. Just do your best and be happy with that.</li>
</ul> 
 
Cramming Techniques for Exams 
 
 
 
 
<ul style="color: #333333; font-family: Verdana,Tahoma,Arial,Calibri,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; margin: 1em 1em 1em 2em; padding: 0px;"><li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Cramming for exams should be avoided at all costs. You should only cram for an exam as a last resort. It's hard to take in and retain a large amount of information in a short period of time. Some of the tips on studying and preparing for a test may over lap with the cramming techniques below.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Eat some food to give you energy to study, but try to avoid excess sugar which will make you hyper and will make it more difficult to study.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">An apple does a better job at keeping you focused and awake than caffeine.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Find a well lit place with no distractions around to study but don't get too comfortable or you may fall a sleep. Keep a positive attitude, it is easier to study when you are relaxed than when you are stressed out.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Since your time is limited you have to choose what you study, don't attempt to learn everything, focus on things that will get you the most points on the exam.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Focus on the main ideas and learn key formulas, skip the details for now and only come back to them if you see that you have time after you have learned the key points.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Write down the key ideas/formulas on a sheet of paper and keep on studying from that sheet, repetition is important.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Highlight the important points in your notes, and text and focus on that.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Read the chapter summaries (they usually do a good job at summarizing the important points), if there're no chapter summaries then skim through the text and write down key ideas.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Study from past tests, review questions, home works & review sheets.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">Take at least one five minute break an hour so that you can gather your thoughts and let your brain relax.</li>
<li style="list-style-position: outside; list-style-type: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">If time permits, try to get at least 3 hours of sleep (one sleep cycle) before the exam so that you don't fall asleep when taking your exam. Don't forget to set your alarm!</li>
</ul>

How To Plan This Semester - Tips To Face This Semester (Follow Atleast Few)

This approach helps you get the most out of your reading. It will help you create notes from your reading from which to study. 1. Survey: Carefully pre-read the chapter. Look at the title, subtitles, …

Google Voice Calling

When we launched <a href="http://gmailblog.blogspot.com/2010/08/call-phones-from-gmail.html">calling in Gmail</a> back in August, we wanted it to be easy and affordable, so we made calls to the U.S. and Canada free for the rest of 2010. In the spirit of holiday giving and to help people keep in touch in the new year, we’re extending free calling for all of 2011. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
In case you haven’t tried it yet, dialing a phone number works just like a regular phone. Look for “Call phone” at the top of your Gmail chat list and dial a number or enter a contact’s name. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<a href="http://www.google.com/chat/voice/images/gmail_voice_screenshot.png"><img alt="" border="0" src="http://www.google.com/chat/voice/images/gmail_voice_screenshot.png" /></a> 
 
 
To learn more, visit <a href="http://www.google.com/chat/voice/">gmail.com/call</a>. Calling in Gmail is currently only available to U.S. based Gmail users. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Happy New Year and happy calling!

Google Voice Calling

When we launched calling in Gmail back in August, we wanted it to be easy and affordable, so we made calls to the U.S. and Canada free for the rest of 2010. In the spirit of holiday giving and to h…

computer bit size chart (from bit to Geopbyte )

Hi, recently i got a doubt that, What is the maximum size of memory? generally many of us know only till TERA BYTE.so what's next? i searched in internet and found some names later tera byte. So i am going to give you the solution for my doubt. If any thing more then this size please post it in comments. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<div style="color: blue;">1 Bit  = Binary Digit</div><div style="color: blue;">4 Bits =1 Nibble</div><div style="color: blue;">8 Bits = 1 Byte</div><div style="color: blue;">1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte 
 
1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte </div><div style="color: blue;">1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte 
 
 
1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte 
 
1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte 
 
1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte 
 
1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte 
 
1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte 
 
1024 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte 
 
1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte </div> 
 
 
 
     Please don't forget to give the comments if you know some thing else.

computer bit size chart (from bit to Geopbyte )

Hi, recently i got a doubt that, What is the maximum size of memory? generally many of us know only till TERA BYTE.so what's next? i searched in internet and found some names later tera byte. So i a…

Benefits of eating breakfast

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://freakychakra.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Top-21-Health-Tips.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="http://freakychakra.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Top-21-Health-Tips.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://updatesforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/super-fruits.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://updatesforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/super-fruits.jpg" /></a></div>By eating breakfast regularly, we can avoid heart attacks and strokes at first place. Platelets, the body’s blood clotting cells, become “stickier” in the morning before breakfast. This increases the tendency for a blood clot to form during the morning hours. If such a clot occurs in a heart blood vessel, a heart attack can result. As expected from this physiology, most heart attacks occur between 7 AM and 12 noon. Eating breakfast can help the platelets to become less sticky and thus decrease the risk of morning heart attacks.</div>

Benefits of eating breakfast

By eating breakfast regularly, we can avoid heart attacks and strokes at first place. Platelets, the body’s blood clotting cells, become “stickier” in the morning before breakfast. This increases the …

Red Onion May Be Good For Heart

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> 
 
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.naturalherbalextracts.com/NaturalHerbalExtractPic/Onion_Freeze_Dried_Powder.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.naturalherbalextracts.com/NaturalHerbalExtractPic/Onion_Freeze_Dried_Powder.jpg" /></a></div> 
 
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;">The commonly used spice item called red onion can help prevent heart disease, a new study has said. According to the researchers at the Chinese University in Hong Kong, red onion helps remove harmful cholesterol from the body which is responsible for heart attacks and strokes. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">However, the ingredients in red onion retain the body's good cholesterol that protects against heart disease, the researchers said. </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">Lead researcher Zhen Yu Chen said, "Despite extensive research on onions, little is known of how their consumption interacts with human genes and proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism within the body." </div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">He also said, "Our study was therefore undertaken to characterise the interaction of onions with enzymes in an attempt to explore the underlying cholesterol-lowering mechanism.”</div>"This study is the first of its kind to investigate the interaction of red onions with biological functions," he added.</div>

Red Onion May Be Good For Heart

The commonly used spice item called red onion can help prevent heart disease, a new study has said. According to the researchers at the Chinese University in Hong Kong, red onion helps remove harmful…

Experts Tips on How to Face Competitive Exams

<div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;">Facing competitive exam</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em 0px; padding: 0px;">Once you have decided to attend the competitive exams that could have a bearing on your future.  Like the exams are GMAT, TOEFL, IELTS, GATE, GRE, CAT , ZENCO etc. first we plane time table of exam preparation. Maintain the perfection in daily life. You have done your home work; still you are never sure what’s going to be in store for you in the “hour of crisis”. So, how do you get yourself to be at your best when you are at it?</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em 0px; padding: 0px;">Once you preparing for Competitive exam must be very careful and thorough with his or her preparations. The best way to you done a nice practice and by solving the previous question papers. By solving the Competitive Exam Question Papers, you can have a good idea about the kind of paper that appears in the examination and also good idea how to face competitive exams. In this type of preparation you would feel familiar easy to attempt question paper. You can easily avail these question papers over the internet.  These types of exams are knowledge oriented and brain hammering. Hence proper preparation is a must, in order to crack open these examinations.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em 0px; padding: 0px;"> Facing the competitive exams you need 100% performance and also you need to have a calm mind so as to concentrate in a better way. Once you have decided facing competitive exams, you must be ready to put your complete effort to make the thing best. While preparing for exams you should be very confident, with the help of confidence in yourself you can move mountains.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em 0px; padding: 0px;">In competitive exams confidence are very important. Confidence arises from the frame of mind. Even the best in trade sometimes feel let down and lost, when they do not feel confident; and when they are down and under.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em 0px; padding: 0px;">you facing the competitive exams  You have done your hard work.. It’s more important for this type of exams relax and take it easy than to cram as much as you can. Buddies are for ever; but not when you are about to take one of the most crucial exams in life. It’s worth staying away from company now, especially from the more negative ones.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em 0px; padding: 0px;">Failure is okay: The most successful have not thought much about results. They just play and enjoy the moment. They give their best and forget the rest. They know that not all matches can be won, but they put in the best that they can. That’s why they are successful!</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em 0px; padding: 0px;">Many students give these examinations by taking a heavy load of stress and nervousness on their heads. They return to normal only when the exams get over.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em 0px; padding: 0px;">A cool and stable mind is requirement for a qualitative and quantitative performance.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em 0px; padding: 0px;">Its Exam time and the students are facing a hell of a stress. First of all you are facing exams confidently. You have decided facing the competitive exams maintains preparation in daily life and also mainly confident you’re self. Facing the competitive exams is very stressing the persons. But this should be avoided. Try some anti stress therapies to relax yourself like meditation. You facing the competitive you must be need cool and stable mind. This is very important. Mind Practice is very important that your mind should be sharp to face competitive exams. You things with sharp mind you can understand the concepts clearly. You can get your normal mind to sharpen, by giving excise to your brain regularly by solving puzzles, math’s puzzles, reasoning aptitudes etc.</div><div style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0.7em 0px; padding: 0px;">In the end, exam preparation days,” Do Your Best, And Leave the Rest”. Follow this words you can done good job in facing the Competitive Exams.</div>

Experts Tips on How to Face Competitive Exams

Facing competitive examOnce you have decided to attend the competitive exams that could have a bearing on your future. Like the exams are GMAT, TOEFL, IELTS, GATE, GRE, CAT , ZENCO etc. first w…

Mobile portability - Process of Changing your telephone operator

change your mobile operator in just one sms. Charge for that is 19rs. 
change your mobile operator in just one sms. Charge for that is 19rs.  <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSMnHjYsd-6hITVqc-Y1zb4ZNYfN6XpKWeSCqhvAzZfq8NxqACTwFYWyYe94bFpjIrk4NiWg4BqA6YBko00ByCwqA-8eAiqzAjOZ6_oAK9na4ygERJmCllaeXBlZY6Xv5lJOZgvkFNGt0/s1600/Mobile-portability.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5559381598480613282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSMnHjYsd-6hITVqc-Y1zb4ZNYfN6XpKWeSCqhvAzZfq8NxqACTwFYWyYe94bFpjIrk4NiWg4BqA6YBko00ByCwqA-8eAiqzAjOZ6_oAK9na4ygERJmCllaeXBlZY6Xv5lJOZgvkFNGt0/s320/Mobile-portability.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 302px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 320px;" /></a> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1ID15khTFcacVhJ1Zhk5soRSeVKAOvfmJ7w8NiYeFNqpbnAkaqCdsAXGbTUjkyvtSN0J-4jHJllSt77yUlCh2T2PIxUKX-_YH8XWmGPLSkmZ09l25ON4dJ21cplheCBid3UI2u4ypAyE/s1600/Mobile-portability+-2.jpg" target="_blank"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5559381598887402450" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1ID15khTFcacVhJ1Zhk5soRSeVKAOvfmJ7w8NiYeFNqpbnAkaqCdsAXGbTUjkyvtSN0J-4jHJllSt77yUlCh2T2PIxUKX-_YH8XWmGPLSkmZ09l25ON4dJ21cplheCBid3UI2u4ypAyE/s320/Mobile-portability+-2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 320px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 290px;" /></a>

Mobile portability - Process of Changing your telephone operator

change your mobile operator in just one sms. Charge for that is 19rs. change your mobile operator in just one sms. Charge for that is 19rs. …

HOW TO INITIATE GD, GROUP DISCUSSION GD INITIATION TIPS,TECHNIQUES

GD INITIATION TECHNIQUES,GROUP DISCUSSION GD INITIATION 
<div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Initiating a GD is a high profit high loss strategy. Whenever a candidate initiates a GD, he apart from grabbing an opportunity to speak also grabs the attention of the examiners and his fellow candidates. So if a candidate, who initiates the GD, is able to make a favorable first impression through his content and communication skills, it will help him sail through the GD. On the other hand, if a candidate while initiating a GD stammered, stuttered or quoted wrong facts and figures, the damage done is irreparable. Moreover, the candidate who initiates a GD has the onus to put the GD into right perspective or framework. So one should “Initiate a GD” only when one has an in-depth knowledge about the topic at hand.</div><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If a candidate has initiated a GD and after that he does not speak much in the GD, even if his initiation was impeccable, it gives an impression that he started the GD just for the sake of starting it or getting those initial kitty of points earmarked for an initiator.</div><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">There are different techniques to initiate a GD so as to make a remarkable first impression. A candidate can initiate the GD through any of the following techniques: -</div><ol style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 15px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 30px; vertical-align: baseline;"><li style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; list-style-type: upper-alpha; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 
 <div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Quotes</div></li>
<li style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; list-style-type: upper-alpha; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 
 <div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Definition</div></li>
<li style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; list-style-type: upper-alpha; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 
 <div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Question</div></li>
<li style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; list-style-type: upper-alpha; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 
 
 <div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shocking statement</div></li>
<li style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; list-style-type: upper-alpha; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 
 <div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Facts figures and statistics</div></li>
<li style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; list-style-type: upper-alpha; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 
 <div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Short story</div></li>
<li style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; font-size: 14px; list-style-type: upper-alpha; margin: 0px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> 
 <div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">General statement</div></li>
</ol><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Quotes 
 
Quotes are an effective way of initiating a GD. If the topic of a GD is “Should censor board be abolished”, one can start with a quote, “Hidden apples are always sweet”. For a GD topic, like “Customer is the King”, one can quote Sam Walton’s famous saying, “There is only one boss – The CUSTOMER. And he can fire everybody in the company from the Chairman on down, simply by spending his money somewhere else.”</div><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Definition 
 
One can start a GD by defining the topic or an important term in the topic, for example, if the topic of the GD is “Advertising is a diplomatic way of telling a lie”, one can start a GD by defining advertising as, “Any paid form of non-personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services through mass media such as newspapers, magazines, television or radio by an identified sponsor”.</div><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Similarly, for a topic, like “The Malthusian Economic Prophecy is no longer relevant”, a candidate can start by explaining the definition of Malthusian Economic Prophecy as “Malthusian ‘Principle’ states that population increases ‘geometrically’ or exponentially and that subsistence increases arithmetically. Thus, population increases along the order of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32…, whereas subsistence limps along at the rate of 1, 2, 3, 4…”</div><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Question 
 
 
Asking a Question is an emphatic way of starting a GD. It does not signify asking a question to any of the candidates in a GD so as to hamper the flow, it implies asking a question and then answering it yourself. If in a GD a question is being asked to hamper the flow of a GD or to insult a participant or to play devils advocate, it should be discouraged, but if a question is being asked so as to promote the flow of ideas, it is appreciated.</div><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If the GD topic is “Should India go to war with Pakistan”, you can start by asking a Question, “What does war bring to the people of a nation. We had 4 wars with Pakistan till date, but a pertinent question is what have we achieved?”</div><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Shocking statement 
 
Initiating a GD through a shocking statement is the best way of grabbing immediate attention and putting forth your point. If a GD topic is “Impact of Population on Indian Economy”, it can be started as, “Near the center of the Indian capital stands a population clock that relentlessly ticks away. It tracks 33 births a minute, 2,000 an hour, 48,000 a day, which calculates to nearly 12 million every year. That is roughly the size of Australia. As a current political slogan puts it, ‘Nothing’s impossible when 1 billion Indians work together’.”</div><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Facts figures and statistics 
 
When a candidate decides to initiate his GD through Facts, figure and statistics, he should quote them accurately. Approximation is allowed in macro level figures but micro level figures need to be correct and accurate, e.g., we can say that approximately 70% of the Indian population stays in rural areas (macro figures, approximation allowed), but we cannot say 30 states of India instead of 28 (micro figures, no approximations).</div><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">If a person ends up stating wrong facts it works to his disadvantage. For a GD topic, like “China, a rising tiger”, a candidate can start, like, “In 1983, when China was still in its initial stages of reform and opening-up, China’s real use of FDI only stood at USD 636 million. China actually utilized USD 60 billion of foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2004, which is almost 100 times that of its 1983 statistics.”</div><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Short story 
 
A short story can be used in a GD topic, like “Attitude is everything”. This topic can be initiated with the help of a short story as follows, “A child once asked a balloon vendor who was selling helium gas filled balloons whether a blue coloured balloon will go as high in the sky as a green coloured balloon.</div><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The balloon vendor told the child that it is not the colour of the balloon but what is inside it which makes it go high.”</div><div style="background-color: transparent; border-width: 0px; color: #474747; font: 14px/1.5em Arial,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 20px; outline-width: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">General statement 
 
A general statement can also be used so as to put the GD into proper perspective, e.g., if the GD topic is “Should Sonia Gandhi be the prime minister of India”, one can start the GD by putting it into proper perspective, like “Friends, before jumping to the conclusion, ‘Yes, Sonia Gandhi should be…’ or ‘No, Sonia Gandhi should not be…’, let’s first find out the qualities of a good Prime Minister of India. Then we can compare these qualities with the qualities possessed by Ms. Sonia Gandhi. This will help us in reaching a conclusion in a much more objective and effective manner.”</div>

HOW TO INITIATE GD, GROUP DISCUSSION GD INITIATION TIPS,TECHNIQUES

GD INITIATION TECHNIQUES,GROUP DISCUSSION GD INITIATION Initiating a GD is a high profit high loss strategy. Whenever a candidate initiates a GD, he apart from grabbing an opportunity to speak also …

FACTS..!! TOLLYANDHRA.COM TOLLYANDHRA

<blockquote>16 Amazing Science Facts:</blockquote> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1. Fingernails grow four times faster than toenails 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. Right handed people live, on average, nine years longer than left-handed people 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. If you rub an onion on your foot – within 30 – 60 minutes you will be able to taste it – this is because it travels through the blood stream 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. You can’t kill yourself by holding your breath (if you hold it until you go unconscious, you begin to breath normally as soon as you do) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. On one square inch of human skin there are 20 million microscopic creatures 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. Armadillos are the only creatures apart from men that can catch leprosy – there are known cases of armadillo to human transfers of the disease 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. A snail can sleep for 3 – 4 years – during which period it does not need food 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Giraffes can live longer without water than camels 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. The songs of humpback whales can change dramatically from year to year, yet each whale in an oceanwide population always sings the same song as the others. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10. The forces required to remove a foot from quicksand at a speed of one centimeter per second would require the same amount of force as “that needed to lift a medium-sized car.” 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. To test if a pearl is real, you can rub vinegar on it – the composition of the pearl will cause it to bubble furiously 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Goldfish kept in a dark room turn much paler – and if it wasn’t for the color in the food they eat, they would turn completely white 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. Unlike normal bees, the Queen bee’s stinger is not barbed and can be used repeatedly without harming her 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14. Quicksand doesn’t directly kill humans as it is usually not very deep at all – it is the fact that it can be incredibly difficult to remove yourself from quicksand that causes death by the environment – such as exposure. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Oysters can change between being female or male 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. Men are over 30% stronger than women on average, especially in the upper body, and men’s brains are heavier than women’s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<m:smallfrac m:val="off"> <m:dispdef> <m:lmargin m:val="0"> <m:rmargin m:val="0"> <m:defjc m:val="centerGroup"> <m:wrapindent m:val="1440"> <m:intlim m:val="subSup"> <m:narylim m:val="undOvr"> </m:narylim></m:intlim> </m:wrapindent> </m:defjc></m:rmargin></m:lmargin></m:dispdef></m:smallfrac> 
 
 
 
 
<blockquote>Some Interesting Facts about Our life:</blockquote> 
 
 
 
1: If you are right handed, you will tend to chew your food on your right side. If you are left handed, you will tend to chew your food on your left side 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2: If you stop getting thirsty, you need to drink more water. For when a human body is dehydrated, its thirst mechanism shuts off. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3: Chewing gum while peeling onions will keep you from crying. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4: Your tongue is germ free only if it is pink. If it is white there is a thin film of bacteria on it. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5: The Mercedes-Benz motto is ‘Das Beste oder Nichts’ meaning ‘the best or nothing’. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6: The Titanic was the first ship to use the SOS signal. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7: The pupil of the eye expands as much as 45 percent when a person looks at something pleasing. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8: The average person who stops smoking requires one hour less sleep a night. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9: Laughing lowers levels of stress hormones and strengthens the immune system. Six-year-olds laugh an average of 300 times a day. Adults only laugh 15 to 100 times a day. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10: Frank Perdue’s chicken slogan, “It takes a strong man to make a tender chicken” was translated into Spanish as “it takes an aroused man to make a chicken affectionate.” 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11: Dalmatians are born without spots. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12: Bats always turn left when exiting a cave. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13: The ‘v’ in the name of a court case does not stand for ‘versus’, but for ‘and’ (in civil proceedings] or ‘against’ (in criminal proceedings] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14: Men’s shirts have the buttons on the right, but women’s shirts have the buttons on the left 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15: The owl is the only bird to drop its upper eyelid to wink. All other birds raise their lower eyelids 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16: The reason honey is so easy to digest is that it’s already been digested by a bee 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17: Roosters cannot crow if they cannot extend their necks 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18: The color blue has a calming effect. It causes the brain to release calming hormones 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19: Every time you sneeze some of your brain cells die 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20: Your left lung is smaller than your right lung to make room for your heart 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21: The verb “cleave” is the only English word with two synonyms which are antonyms of each other: adhere and separate 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22: When you blush, the lining of your stomach also turns red 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23: When Hippos are upset, their sweat turns red 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24: The first Harley Davidson motorcycle was built in 1903, and used a tomato can for a carburetor 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25: The lion that roars in the MGM logo is named Volney 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26: Google is actually the common name for a number with a million zeros 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27: Switching letters is called spoonerism. For example, saying jag of Flapan, instead of flag of Japan 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28: It cost 7 million dollars to build the Titanic and 200 million to make a film about it 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29: The attachment of the human skin to muscles is what causes dimples 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30: There are 1,792 steps to the top of the Eiffel Tower 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31: The sound you hear when you crack your knuckles is actually the sound of nitrogen gas bubbles bursting 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32: Human hair and fingernails continue to grow after death 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33: It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the whole body 
 
 
 
 
 
 
34: The plastic things on the end of shoelaces are called aglets 
 
 
 
 
 
 
35: Most soccer players run 7 miles in a game 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
36: The only part of the body that has no blood supply is the cornea in the eye. It takes in oxygen directly from the air 
 
 
 
 
 
 
37: Every day 200 million couples make love, 400,000 babies are born, and 140,000 people die 
 
 
 
 
 
 
38: In most watch advertisements the time displayed on the watch is 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10:10 because then the arms frame the brand of the watch (and make it look like it is smiling.) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
39: Colgate faced big obstacle marketing toothpaste in Spanish speaking countries. Colgate translates into the command “go hang yourself.” 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40: The only 2 animals that can see behind it without turning its head are the rabbit and the parrot 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
41: Intelligent people have more zinc and copper in their hair. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
42: The average person laughs 13 times a day 
 
 
 
 
 
 
43: Do you know the names of the three wise monkeys? They are: Mizaru(See no evil), Mikazaru(Hear no evil), and Mazaru(Speak no evil) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
44: Women blink nearly twice as much as men 
 
 
 
 
 
 
45: German Shepherds bite humans more than any other breed of dog 
 
 
 
 
 
 
46: Large kangaroos cover more than 30 feet with each jump 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
47: Whip makes a cracking sound because its tip moves faster than the speed of sound 
 
 
 
 
 
 
48: Two animal rights protesters were protesting at the cruelty of sending pigs to a slaughterhouse in Bonn. Suddenly the pigs, all two thousand of them, escaped through a broken fence and stampeded, trampling the two hapless protesters to death 
 
 
 
 
 
 
49: If a statue in the park of a person on a horse has both front legs in the air, the person died in battle; if the horse has one front leg in the air, the person died as a result of wounds received in battle; if the horse has all four legs on the ground, the person died of natural cause. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
50: The human heart creates enough pressure while pumping to squirt blood 30 feet!! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<blockquote>A dollar can be made into small change in 293 ways:</blockquote> 
 
 
 
 
 
You can remember the value of Pi (3.1415926) by counting each word's letters in "May I have a large container of coffee?" 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Multiplication and succession: 
 
 
1 × 8 + 1 = 9 
 
 
12 × 8 + 2 = 98 
 
 
123 × 8 + 3 = 987 
 
 
and so on. 
 
 
Submitted by: Moi, Canada.Submitted by: Moi, Canada. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
142857 is a cyclic number, i.e., its digits are rotated around when multiplied by any number from 1 to 6. Like this: 
 
 
 
 
142857 × 1 = 142857 
 
 
142857 × 5 = 7 14285 
 
 
142857 × 4 = 57 1428 
 
 
142857 × 6 = 857 142 
 
 
142857 × 2 = 2857 14 
 
 
142857 × 3 = 42857 1 
 
 
Submitted by: Moi, Canada.Submitted by: Moi, Canada. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1089 multiplied by 9 gives an exact reverse: 9801. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From 0 to 1,000, the letter "A" only appears in 1,000 ("one thousand"). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2 is called the "oddest" Even Prime-number. 2 is a unique Even Prime because all Even-numbers are divisible by 2. But any number apart from 2 that is divisible by 2, is not a Prime. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 × 9 + 2 = 11 
 
 
12 × 9 + 3 = 111 
 
 
123 × 9 + 4 = 1111 
 
 
... and so on. 
 
 
Submitted by: RobSubmitted by: Rob 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
40 when written "forty" is the only number with letters in alphabetical order, while "one" is the only one with letters in reverse order. 
 
 
Submitted by: RobSubmitted by: Rob 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 googol = 10100; 
 
 
1 googolplex = 10googol = 1010100 . 
 
 
111 111 111 x 111 111 111 = 12345678 9 87654321 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pi (3.14159...) is a number that cannot be written as a fraction. 
 
 
Submitted by: Tiff - Witherbee, United StatesSubmitted by: Tiff - Witherbee, United States 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The opposite sides of a dice cube always add up to seven. 
 
 
Submitted by: Ramesh - Pune, IndiaSubmitted by: Ramesh - Pune, India 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21978 when multiplied by 4 is the same number with digits in reverse order: 21978 x 4 = 87912 
 
 
 
 
 
 
If you add up the numbers 1-100 consecutively (1+2+3+4+5...) the total is 5050. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The billionth digit of Pi is 9. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 and 2 are the only numbers where they are the values of the numbers of factors they have. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2 and 5 are the only primes that end in 2 or 5. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The largest prime number is 9,808,358 digits long; more than the number of atoms in the universe. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The digits to the right of the Pi's (3.141...) decimal point can keep going forever, and there is no pattern to these digits at all. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<blockquote>Funny facts:</blockquote> 
 
 
 
• Try these 
 
 
• 
 
 
 
 
• on your Family, Class or Troop Did you know that there are 206 bones in the adult human body and there are 300 in children (as they grow some of the bones fuse together). 
 
 
• Flea's can jump 130 times higher than their own height. In human terms this is equal to a 6ft. person jumping 780 ft. into the air. 
 
 
• The most dangerous animal in the world is the common housefly. Because of their habits of visiting animal waste, they transmit more diseases than any other animal. 
 
 
• Snakes are true carnivorous because they eat nothing but other animals. They do not eat any type of plant material. 
 
 
• The world's largest amphibian is the giant salamander. It can grow up to 5 ft. in length. 
 
 
• 100 years ago: The first virus was found in both plants and animals. 
 
 
• 90 years ago: The Grand Canyon became a national monument & Cellophane is invented. 
 
 
• 80 years ago: The food mixer and the domestic refrigerator were invented. 
 
 
 
 
• 70 years ago: The teletype and PVC (polyvinyl-chloride) were invented. 
 
 
• 60 years ago: Otto Hahn discovered nuclear fission by splitting uranium, Teflon was invented. 
 
 
• 50 years ago: Velcro was invented. 
 
 
• 40 years ago: An all-female population of lizards was discovered in Armenia. 
 
 
• 30 years ago: The computer mouse was invented. 
 
 
• 20 years ago: First test-tube baby born in England, Pluto’s moon, Charon, discovered. 
 
 
• 10 years ago: First patent for a genetically-engineered mouse was issued to Harvard Medical School. 
 
 
• 5 years ago: The first successful cloning of human embryo 
 
 
• The smallest bone in the human body is the stapes or stirrup bone located in the middle ear. It is approximately .11 inches (.28 cm) long. 
 
 
 
 
• The longest cells in the human body are the motor neurons. They can be up to 4.5 feet (1.37 meters) long and run from the lower spinal cord to the big toe. 
 
 
• There are no poisonous snakes in Maine. 
 
 
• The blue whale can produce sounds up to 188 decibels. This is the loudest sound produced by a living animal and has been detected as far away as 530 miles. 
 
 
• The largest man-made lake in the U.S. is Lake Mead, created by Hoover Dam. 
 
 
• The poison arrow frogs of South and Central America are the most poisonous animals in the world. 
 
 
• A new born blue whale measures 20-26 feet (6.0 - 7.9 meters) long and weighs up to 6,614 pounds (3003 kg). 
 
 
• The first coast-to-coast telephone line was established in 1914. 
 
 
• The Virginia opossum has a gestation period of only 12-13 days. 
 
 
• The Stegosaurus dinosaur measured up to 30 feet (9.1 meters) long but had a brain the size of a walnut. 
 
 
 
 
• The largest meteorite crater in the world is in Winslow, Arizona. It is 4,150 feet across and 150 feet deep. 
 
 
• The human eye blinks an average of 4,200,000 times a year. 
 
 
• Skylab, the first American space station, fell to the earth in thousands of pieces in 1979. Thankfully most over the ocean. 
 
 
• It takes approximately 12 hours for food to entirely digest. 
 
 
• Human jaw muscles can generate a force of 200 pounds (90.8 kilograms) on the molars. 
 
 
• The Skylab astronauts grew 1.5 - 2.25 inches (3.8 - 5.7 centimeters) due to spinal lengthening and straightening as a result of zero gravity. 
 
 
• An inch (2.5 centimeters) of rain water is equivalent to 15 inches (38.1 centimeters) of dry, powdery snow. 
 
 
• Tremendous erosion at the base of Niagara Falls (USA) undermines the shale cliffs and as a result the falls have receded approximately 7 miles over the last 10,000 years. 
 
 
• 40 to 50 percent of body heat can be lost through the head (no hat) as a result of its extensive circulatory network. 
 
 
 
 
• A large swarm of desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) can consume 20,000 tons (18,160,000 kilograms) of vegetation a day. 
 
 
• The largest telescope in the world is currently being constructed in northern Chile. The telescope will utilize four - 26 ft. 8 in. (8.13 meters) mirrors which will gather as much light as a single 52 ft. 6 in. (16 meters) mirror. 
 
 
• The Hubble Space Telescope weighs 12 tons (10,896 kilograms), is 43 feet (13.1 meters) long, and cost $2.1 billion to originally build. 
 
 
• The longest living cells in the body are brain cells which can live an entire lifetime. 
 
 
• The largest flying animal was the pterosaur which lived 70 million years ago. This reptile had a wing span of 36-39 feet (11-11.9 meters) and weighed 190-250 pounds (86-113.5 kilograms). 
 
 
• The Atlantic Giant Squid's eye can be as large as 15.75 inches (40 centimeters) wide. 
 
 
• Armadillos, opossums, and sloth's spend about 80% of their lives sleeping. 
 
 
• The starfish species, Porcellanaster ivanovi, has been found to live in water as deep as 24,881 feet (7,584 meters). 
 
 
• The tentacles of the giant Arctic jellyfish can reach 120 feet (36.6 meters) in length. 
 
 
 
 
• The greatest tide change on earth occurs in the Bay of Fundy. The difference between low tide and high tide can be as great as 54 ft. 6 in. (16.6 meters). 
 
 
• The highest temperature produced in a laboratory was 920,000,000 F (511,000,000 C) at the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor in Princeton, NJ, USA. 
 
 
• The most powerful laser in the world, the Nova laser at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, CA, USA, generates a pulse of energy equal to 100,000,000,000,000 watts of power for .000000001 second to a target the size of a grain of sand. 
 
 
• The fastest computer in the world is the CRAY Y-MP C90 supercomputer. It has two gigabytes of central memory and 16 parallel central processor units. 
 
 
• The heaviest human brain ever recorded weighed 5 lb. 1.1 oz. (2.3 kg.). 
 
 
• The deepest part of the ocean is 35,813 feet (10,916 meters) deep and occurs in the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. At that depth the pressure is 18,000 pounds (9172 kilograms) per square inch. 
 
 
• The largest cave in the world (the Sarawak Chamber in Malaysia) is 2,300 feet (701 meters) long, 980 feet (299 meters) wide, and more than 230 feet (70 meters) high. 
 
 
• The hottest planet in the solar system is Venus, with an estimated surface temperature of 864 F (462 C). 
 
 
• The ears of a cricket are located on the front legs, just below the knee. 
 
 
 
 
• The first electronic digital computer (called ENIAC - the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) was developed in 1946 and contained over 18,000 vacuum tubes. 
 
 
• The leg muscles of a locust are about 1000 times more powerful than an equal weight of human muscle. 
 
 
• The cosmos contains approximately 50,000,000,000 galaxies. 
 
 
• There are between 100,000,000,000 and 1,000,000,000,000 stars in a normal galaxy. 
 
 
• Sound travels about 4 times faster in water than in air. 
 
 
• Scientists have discovered that copper pollution of the atmosphere occurred about 2500 years ago. This was discovered by analyzing ice cores from Greenland. The pollution was attributed to the Romans who used copper for military purposes and to produce coins. 
 
 
• Hydrofluoric acid will dissolve glass. 
 
 
• In a full grown rye plant, the total length of roots may reach 380 miles (613 km). 
 
 
• In a full grown rye plant, the total length of fine root hairs may reach 6600 miles (10,645 km). 
 
 
 
 
• A large sunspot can last for about a week. 
 
 
• If you could throw a snowball fast enough, it would totally vaporize when it hit a brick wall. 
 
 
• Boron nitride (BN) is the second hardest substance known to man. 
 
 
• The female Tarantula Hawk wasp paralyzes a large spider with her sting. She then lays her eggs on the motionless body so that her developing young have a fresh supply of spider meat to feed on. 
 
 
• The seeds of an Indian Lotus tree remain viable for 300 to 400 years. 
 
 
• The only letter not appearing on the Periodic Table is the letter “J”. 
 
 
• Velcro was invented by a Swiss guy who was inspired by the way burrs attached to clothing. 
 
 
• Hershey's Kisses are called that because the machine that makes them looks like it's kissing the conveyor belt. 
 
 
• October 10 is National Metric Day. 
 
 
 
 
• If you stretch a standard Slinky out flat it measures 87 feet long. 
 
 
• The microwave was invented after a researcher walked by a radar tube and a chocolate bar melted in his pocket. 
 
 
• Super Glue was invented by accident. The researcher was trying to make optical coating materials, and would test their properties by putting them between two prisms and shining light through them. When he tried the cyano-acrylate, he couldn't get the prisms apart. 
 
 
• No matter its size or thickness, no piece of paper can be folded in half more than 7 times. 
 
 
• A car traveling at 80 km/h uses half its fuel to overcome wind resistance. 
 
 
• Knowledge is growing so fast that ninety per cent of what we will know in fifty years time, will be discovered in those fifty years. 
 
 
• According to an old English system of time units, a moment is one and a half minutes. 
 
 
• The typewriter was invented in 1829, and the automatic dishwasher in 1889. 
 
 
• The wristwatch was invented in 1904 by Louis Cartier. 
 
 
 
 
• When glass breaks, the cracks move at speeds of up to 3,000 miles per hour. 
 
 
• By raising your legs slowly and laying on your back, you can't sink in quicksand. 
 
 
• Ten minutes of one hurricane contains enough energy to match the nuclear stockpiles of the world. 
 
 
• Most gemstones contain several elements. The exception? The diamond. It's all carbon. 
 
 
• Diamonds are the hardest substance known to man. 
 
 
• Which of the 50 states has never had an earthquake? North Dakota. 
 
 
• When hydrogen burns in the air, water is formed. 
 
 
• Sterling silver contains 7.5% copper. 
 
 
• Cars were first made with ignition keys in 1949. 
 
 
 
 
• J.B Dunlop was first to put air into tires. 
 
 
• Alexander Graham Bell, who invented the telephone, also set a world water-speed record of over seventy miles an hour at the age of seventy two. 
 
 
• It is energy-efficient to turn off a fluorescent light only if it will not be used again within an hour or more. This is because of the high voltage needed to turn it on, and the shortened life this high voltage causes. 
 
 
• The Earth's equatorial circumference (40,075 km) is greater than its polar circumference (40,008 km). 
 
 
• Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world. 
 
 
• Due to gravitational effects, you weigh slightly less when the moon is directly overhead. 
 
 
• The Earth's average velocity orbiting the sun is 107,220 km per hour. 
 
 
• There is a high and low tide because of our moon and the Sun. 
 
 
• The United States consumes 25% of all the world’s energy. 
 
 
 
 
• Flying from London to New York by Concord, due to the time zones crossed, you can arrive 2 hours before you leave. 
 
 
• There is enough fuel in a full tank of a Jumbo Jet to drive an average car four times around the world. 
 
 
• The surface speed record on the moon is 10.56 miles per hour. It was set with the lunar rover. 
 
 
• If you could drive to the sun -- at 55 miles per hour -- it would take about 193 years 
 
 
• The moon is one million times drier than the Gobi Desert. 
 
 
• Just twenty seconds worth of fuel remained when Apollo 11's lunar module landed on the moon. 
 
 
• A Boeing 707 uses four thousand gallons of fuel in its take-off climb. 
 
 
• The planet Saturn has a density lower than water. So, if placed in water it would float. 
 
 
• Since 1959, more than 6,000 pieces of 'space junk' (abandoned rocket and satellite parts) have fallen out of orbit - many of these have hit the earth's surface. 
 
 
 
 
• It takes 70% less energy to produce a ton of paper from recycled paper than from trees. 
 
 
• Every year in the US, 625 people are struck by lightning. 
 
 
• Hawaii is moving toward Japan 4 inches every year. 
 
 
• The rocket engine has to supply its own oxygen so it can burn its fuel in outer space. 
 
 
• The North Atlantic gets 1 inch wider every year. 
 
 
• Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, waters, and atmosphere (about 49.5%) 
 
 
• A stroke of lightning discharges from 10 to 100 million volts & 30,000 amperes of electricity. 
 
 
• A bolt of lightning is about 54,000°F (30,000°C); six times hotter than the Sun. 
 
 
 
 
• Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the Universe (75%). 
 
 
• The average distance between the Earth & the Moon is 238,857 miles (384,392 km). 
 
 
• The moon is 27% the size of the Earth. 
 
 
• The Earth weighs 6.6 sextillion tons, or 5.97 x 1024 kg. 
 
 
• The center of the Sun is about 27 million degrees Fahrenheit (15 million °C). 
 
 
• Sunlight takes about 8 minutes & 20 seconds to reach the Earth at 186,282 miles/sec (299,792 Km/sec). 
 
 
• The highest temperature on Earth was 136°F (58°C) in Libya in 1922. 
 
 
 
 
• The lowest temperature on Earth was -128.6°F (-89.6°C) in Antarctica in 1983. 
 
 
• Sunlight can penetrate clean ocean water to a depth of 240 feet. 
 
 
• The average ocean floor is 12,000 feet. 
 
 
• The temperature can be determined by counting the number of cricket chirps in fourteen seconds and adding 40. 
 
 
• House flies have a lifespan of two weeks. 
 
 
• Chimps are the only animals that can recognize themselves in a mirror. 
 
 
• Starfish don't have brains. 
 
 
• The average person falls asleep in seven minutes. 
 
 
• Shrimp's hearts are in their heads. 
 
 
 
 
• Every time you lick a stamp, you're consuming 1/10 of a calorie. 
 
 
• The longest recorded flight of a chicken is thirteen seconds 
 
 
• Emus and kangaroos cannot walk backwards. 
 
 
• Cats have over one hundred vocal sounds, while dogs only have about ten. 
 
 
• Porcupines float in water. 
 
 
• An ostrich's eye is bigger that its brain. 
 
 
• An iguana can stay under water for twenty-eight minutes. 
 
 
• The common goldfish is the only animal that can see both infra-red and ultra-violet light. 
 
 
• It's impossible to sneeze with your eyes open. 
 
 
 
 
• The pupil of an octopus' eye is rectangular. 
 
 
• Our eyes are always the same size from birth, but our nose and ears never stop growing. 
 
 
• The leg bones of a bat are so thin that no bat can walk. 
 
 
• Ants cannot chew their food, they move their jaws sideways, like scissors, to extract the juices from the food. 
 
 
• Hummingbirds are the only animals able to fly backwards. 
 
 
• A cat has 32 muscles in each ear. 
 
 
• Tigers have striped skin, not just striped fur. 
 
 
• A cat's jaws cannot move sideways. 
 
 
• Armadillos get an average of 18.5 hours of sleep per day. 
 
 
 
 
• Armadillos can walk underwater. 
 
 
• There are more beetles than any other kind of creature in the world. 
 
 
• Certain frogs that can survive the experience of being frozen. 
 
 
• Only humans sleep on their backs. 
 
 
• The human brain is 80% water. 
 
 
• Everyone's tongue print is different. 
 
 
• As an adult, you have more than 20 square feet of skin on your body--about the same square footage as a blanket for a queen-sized bed. 
 
 
• In your lifetime, you'll shed over 40 pounds of skin. 
 
 
• 15 million blood cells are produced and destroyed in the human body every second. 
 
 
 
 
• Every minute, 30-40,000 dead skin cells fall from your body. 
 
 
• The brain uses more than 25% of the oxygen used by the human body. 
 
 
• If your mouth was completely dry, you would not be able to distinguish the taste of anything. 
 
 
• There are more living organisms on the skin of a single human being than there are human beings on the surface of the earth. 
 
 
• Muscles are made up of bundles from about 5 in the eyelid to about 200 in the buttock muscle. 
 
 
• Muscles in the human body (640 in total) make up about half of the body weight. 
 
 
• The human body has enough fat to produce 7 bars of soap. 
 
 
• The human head is a quarter of our total length at birth, but only an eighth of our total length by the time we reach adulthood. 
 
 
• Most people blink about 17,000 times a day. 
 
 
 
 
• Moths have no stomach. 
 
 
• Hummingbirds can't walk. 
 
 
• Sea otters have 2 coats of fur. 
 
 
• A starfish can turn its stomach inside out. 
 
 
• A zebra is white with black stripes. 
 
 
• The animal with the largest brain in relation to its body is the ant. 
 
 
• The largest eggs in the world are laid by a shark. 
 
 
• A crocodile’s tongue is attached to the roof of its mouth. 
 
 
• Crocodiles swallow stones to help them dive deeper. 
 
 
 
 
• Giraffes are unable to cough. 
 
 
• Sharks are immune to cancer. 
 
 
• Despite the hump, a camel’s spine is straight. 
 
 
• Cheetah's can accelerate from 0 to 70 km/h in 3 seconds. 
 
 
• A giraffe's neck contains the same number of vertebrae as a human. 
 
 
• The heart of giraffe is two feet long, and can weigh as much as twenty four pounds. 
 
 
• On average, Elephants sleep for about 2 hours per day. 
 
 
• Lobsters have blue blood. 
 
 
• Shark's teeth are literally as hard as steel. 
 
 
 
 
• A mosquito has 47 teeth. 
 
 
• Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen make up 90% of the human body. 
 
 
• Seventy percent of the dust in your home consists of shed human skin 
 
 
• Fish are the only vertebrates that outnumber birds. 
 
 
• A cockroach can live for several weeks without its head. 
 
 
• The average human produces a quart of saliva a day -- about 10,000 gallons in a lifetime 
 
 
• Elephants have been known to remain standing after they die. 
 
 
• The embryos of tiger sharks fight each other while in their mother's womb, the survivor being the baby shark that is born. 
 
 
• Ants do not sleep. 
 
 
 
 
• Nearly a third of all bottled drinking water purchased in the US is contaminated with bacteria. 
 
 
• Rats multiply so quickly that in 18 months, two rats could have over 1 million descendents. 
 
 
• An Astronaut can be up to 2 inches taller returning from space. The cartilage disks in the spine expand in the absence of gravity. 
 
 
• The oldest known fossil is of a single-celled organism, blue-green algae, found in 3.2 billion year-old stones in South Africa. 
 
 
• The oldest multicellular fossils date from ~700 million years ago. 
 
 
• The earliest cockroach fossils are about 280 million years old. 
 
 
• Healthy nails grow about 2 cm each year. Fingernails grow four times as fast as toenails. 
 
 
• 20/20 vision means the eye can see normally at 20 feet. 20/15 is better; the eye can see at 20 feet what another eye sees at 15 feet. 
 
 
• The average person has 100,000 hairs on his/her head. Each hair grows about 5 inches (12.7 cm) every year. 
 
 
 
 
• There are 60,000 miles (97,000 km) in blood vessels in every human. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<blockquote>Amazing Facts About the Universe</blockquote> 
 
 
 
This article is a collection of amazing facts about the universe in increasing order of awesomeness. Universe we live in, is a beautifully awesome, enigmatic place, infinite in extent and full of mysteries! Read and stay awed! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Universe is the totality of all space, time, matter and energy. Our earth is a tiny island of matter and energy, in the vast ocean of space time, which the universe is! Just as they say, truth is stranger than fiction and so it is with the universe. The things that our scientists have found in the vast realms beyond our planet are unbelievable and beyond imagination. This article is a compilation of some astounding and amazing facts about the universe, which will bamboozle you! To know about the origin of the universe, read, 'How was the Universe Created'? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<blockquote>Astounding and Amazing Facts About the Universe:</blockquote> 
 
 
 
The universe as we know it to be, is an amazing and astounding place, full of surprises. Amazing facts about earth or interesting facts about the solar system, just pale in comparison to the grandeur and vastness of the rest of the universe. Let us know some amazing facts about the world and the ocean of space time that we float in! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<blockquote>Amazing Facts About the Universe: Galaxies:</blockquote> 
 
 
 
Here are some amazing facts about huge island of matter and energy called galaxy, that we live in! 
 
 
Galaxies are spiraling whirlpools of matter and energy, which are like small oasis in the vast empty spaces of our universe. We live in one such galaxy, which we call the Milky Way! 
 
 
One light year is the distance traveled by light in a year and it amounts to about 9.4605284 × 1015 meters! Our Milky way galaxy disk is about 100,000 light years in diameter and about 1000 light years thick! It has up to 400 billion stars like our Sun! 
 
 
There are estimated to be about 100 billion such galaxies in the universe. The nearest spiral galaxy to our milky way is the Andromeda galaxy, which is 2.6 million light years away! This galaxy is on a collision course with our galaxy, and will collide with it in some billion years! 
 
 
At the center of every galaxy, there resides a massive black hole! Even our Milky way galaxy has a massive black hole in its center. 
 
 
For more on this read, 'Facts About Milky Way - The Galaxy' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<blockquote>Amazing Facts About the Universe: Black Holes</blockquote> 
 
 
 
Here are some amazing facts about the strangest objects in the universe called 'Black Holes'. 
 
 
Black Holes form, when stars much larger than our Sun, run out of their fuel and collapse under their own gravity to zero volume, forming a hole in the fabric of space time! 
 
 
When it comes to black holes, the line from Dante's 'Divine Comedy', 'All hope abandon ye who enter here' is actually true! Nothing can escape the phenomenal and unsurpassed gravitational pull of a black hole, not even light! 
 
 
The boundary of black holes is called 'Event Horizon'. The surface area of this event horizon is directly proportion to the entropy inside a black hole! Entropy is the measure of disorder in a system. 
 
 
Black Holes are not entirely black. They emit radiation called 'Hawking radiation' and eventually disappear! 
 
 
To Know more on this read, 'Getting into Black Holes'. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<blockquote>Amazing Facts About the Universe: Pulsars</blockquote> 
 
 
 
 
 
Here are some amazing facts about the 'pulsating stars' or 'Pulsars' 
 
 
Pulsars are rotating neutron stars with huge magnetic fields, which emit electromagnetic radiation. They are formed from the core of a star exploding in a supernova! 
 
 
A pulsar is like a light house. Just as the light house beam passes periodically in front of us, the pulsar pulses pass our earth every 1.4 milliseconds to 8.5 seconds. This is because they are rotating at phenomenal speeds, while they emit radiation! 
 
 
When they were first discovered, the periodic nature of their radiation out put was mistaken for a signal from an alien civilization! In fact, the first pulsar source was dubbed 'LGM' standing for 'Little Green Men'! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<blockquote>Amazing Facts About the Universe: Quasars</blockquote> 
 
 
 
Here are some amazing facts about objects with the most phenomenal energy output called 'Quasars'. 
 
 
Quasars (Quasi-stellar objects) were first mistaken to be stars, but later they were discovered to be galaxies. They have a very high redshift, which means that they are traveling at a speed close to the speed of light! 
 
 
 
 
Quasars are the very distant and most energetic galaxies, with an energy output unsurpassed by any other object in the universe. The energy out put of a quasars is the same as about 1 trillion (1012) Suns! 
 
 
At the central core of the quasar, is a super-massive black hole, which is swallowing gas and dust, as it courses through space. The energy is thought to be emitted by the in falling matter, as it heats up! 
 
 
Hope these amazing facts about the universe have intrigued you and fueled your curiosity and imagination to learn more about astronomy. Just get a telescope and take a look at the world beyond our earth, to see the grandeur of our universe, through your own eyes! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<blockquote>Amazing Animal Facts:</blockquote> 
 
 
 
1. Penguins can jump 6 feet in the air. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2. A group of Kangaroos is called a mob. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. A young Kangaroo is called a Joey. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4. Emus and kangaroos cannot walk backwards. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
5. Beavers can hold their breathe for 45 minutes under water. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
6. The smallest bird in the world is the Humming Bird. It weighs less than 1 oz (or 28g). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
7. A bear can run at speeds of up to 30 miles per hour (48 km/h). 
 
 
 
 
 
 
8. Elephants are the only animal that can’t jump. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9. Polar bears are left handed. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10. A crocodile cannot stick its tongue out. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
11. A cat has 32 muscles in each ear. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
12. Tigers have striped skin not just striped fur. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
13. Reindeer eat moss because it contains a chemical that stops their body from freezing. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
14.The coyote’s scientific name (Canis Latrans) means ‘barking dog’. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
15. Snakes can see through their eyelids. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
16. A Woodpecker can peck 20 times per second. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
17. Woodpeckers don’t get headaches from all that pecking. Their skulls have air pockets to cushion the brain. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
18. The praying mantis is the only insect that can turn its head 360 degrees. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
19. Butterflies tast sensors are in their feet. They taste their food by standing on it. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
20. Katydids have ears in their front legs. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
21. The strongest animal in the world is the rhinoceros beetle. It can lift 850 times its own weight. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
22. Flamingos are pink because shrimp is one of their main sources of food. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23. The flying frog uses flaps of skin between its toes to glide. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
24. The slowest mammal on earth is the tree sloth. It only moves at a speed of 6 feet (1.83 meters) per minute. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
25. The Chameleon’s tongue is as long as its body. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
26. The Chameleon can focus its eyes seperately to watch two objects at once. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
27. The Kangaroo’s ancestors lived in trees. Today there are eight different kinds of tree kangaroos. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
28. Flamingos eat with their heads upside down to strain the water out of their food. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
29. Many snakes never stop growing. That’s one reason they must shed their skin. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30. The Artic Tern flies from the North Pole to the South Pole and then back again to spend summer in each place. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31. The black bulldog ant from Australia is the most dangerous ant in the world. It stings and bites at the same time and has killed humans. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32. A hippopotamus can stay under water for up to 30 minutes. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
33. The Basenji is the only dog which does not bark. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
34. Armadillos, opossums and sloths spend up to 80 percent of their lives sleeping 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
<blockquote>Facts About Plants:</blockquote> 
 
 
 
A notch in a tree will remain the same distance from the ground as the tree grows. 
 
 
Banana oil is made from petroleum. 
 
 
84% of a raw apple and 96% of a raw cucumber is water. 
 
 
The largest single flower is the Rafflesia or “corpse flower”. They are generally 3 feet in diameter with the record being 42 inches. 
 
 
 
 
Onions contain a mild antibiotic that fights infections, soothes burns, tames bee stings and relieves the itch of athletes foot. 
 
 
Quinine, one of the most important drugs known to man, is obtained from the dried bark of an evergreen tree native to South America. 
 
 
The rose family of plants, in addition to flowers, gives us apples, pears, plums, cherries, almonds, peaches and apricots. 
 
 
No species of wild plant produces a flower or blossom that is absolutely black, and so far, none has been developed artificially. 
 
 
Nutmeg is extremely poisonous if injected intravenously. 
 
 
The bright orange color of carrots tell you they are an excellent source of Vitamin A which is important for good eyesight, especially at night. Vitamin A helps your body fight infection, and keeps your skin and hair healthy. 
 
 
A plant’s stem appears and grows upward shortly after the primary root appears. It continues to grow above ground level. 
 
 
Water and minerals flow upward through the roots into the stem of the plant and then into the leaves of the plant. 
 
 
Pistils have three parts – the stigma, the style, and the ovary. 
 
 
 
 
Petals are usually colorful, and they attract insects and birds that help with pollination. 
 
 
Fruit is really the part of a flower in which seeds grow. Cherries, apples, and even milkweed pods are fruit. 
 
 
Buds are small swellings on a plant from which a shoot, leaf, or flower usually develops. 
 
 
The primary root is the first thing to sprout from a seed, and it grows downward. 
 
 
A seed contains its own food supply, which helps the sprouting plant as it begins its new life. 
 
 
Roots are covered with root hairs that absorb water and minerals. 
 
 
Grapes and clematis have stems that climb with tendrils, which hold onto a surface, as the stems get longer.

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16 Amazing Science Facts: 1. Fingernails grow four times faster than toenails 2. Right handed people live, on average, nine years longer than left-handed people 3. If you rub an onion on your foot – w…

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